In today’s increasingly digital world, ensuring that online platforms are accessible to all is not just a technical consideration, it’s a legal and ethical imperative. The European Accessibility Act (EAA) represents a significant step forward in mandating accessibility for digital properties across the European Union. This article explores the EAA’s impact on websites, portals, and mobile applications, clarifies compliance requirements, and argues why accessibility should be at the heart of every digital strategy. Whether you are a business owner, web manager, or compliance professional, understanding the EAA is crucial for future-proofing your digital presence and upholding your organisation’s social responsibility.

What is the European Accessibility Act?

The European Accessibility Act (EAA) is a landmark piece of legislation adopted by the European Union in 2019, designed to improve the accessibility of products and services for people with disabilities. The Act aims to remove barriers that prevent individuals from fully participating in society and the economy, ensuring equal access to digital and physical environments. The EAA builds upon the principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) and harmonises accessibility standards across EU member states.

At its core, the EAA seeks to standardise accessibility requirements for a wide range of products and services, including digital properties such as websites, mobile apps, and online portals. Its objectives are to:

• Enhance the availability of accessible products and services across the EU
• Facilitate cross-border trade by aligning national accessibility standards
• Promote social inclusion and equal opportunities for people with disabilitiesScope of the EAA: Digital Properties Covered

The EAA applies to an extensive range of digital products and services that are essential for participation in modern society. Key digital properties within its scope include:

• Websites: Both public-facing and customer portals, including e-commerce platforms, banking services, and public sector sites
• Mobile Applications: Apps providing goods, services, or information to the public, including banking, ticketing, and transport apps
• Self-service Terminals: Such as ATMs, ticketing machines, and check-in kiosks

The EAA’s coverage extends to both the private and public sectors, impacting businesses that offer digital products or services within the EU. Notably, microenterprises (businesses with fewer than 10 employees and annual turnover or balance sheet total not exceeding €2 million) may be exempt from certain obligations, though this varies by member state.

EU, UK, and Global Implications

Within the EU, the EAA is a binding directive, requiring member states to transpose its requirements into national law. Businesses operating in the EU or offering digital services to EU citizens must comply, regardless of where they are based.

In the UK, following Brexit, the EAA does not directly apply. However, the UK’s Equality Act 2010 and Public Sector Bodies (Websites and Mobile Applications) Accessibility Regulations 2018 already mandate accessibility for digital properties. Furthermore, UK businesses serving EU customers will still need to align with EAA standards to ensure market access.

Globally, the EAA adds to the growing patchwork of accessibility laws, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the United States and Australia’s Disability Discrimination Act. International businesses should view EAA compliance as part of a broader accessibility strategy to minimise legal risk and maximise reach.

Business Obligations: Steps to Achieve Compliance

Businesses subject to the EAA must take proactive steps to ensure their digital properties are accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. Key obligations include:

1. Audit and Assess: Conduct thorough accessibility audits of websites, portals, and mobile apps, using recognised standards such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1, Level AA.
2. Remediate Issues: Address identified accessibility barriers, ensuring that content, navigation, and interactive elements are usable by people with various disabilities (e.g., visual, auditory, motor, cognitive).
3. Document Compliance: Maintain clear records of accessibility measures, audits, and improvements. This documentation may be required in the event of regulatory inspections or complaints.
4. Ongoing Monitoring: Accessibility is not a one-off project. Establish processes for regular testing, user feedback, and updates as digital properties evolve.
5. Staff Training: Equip web teams and content creators with accessibility knowledge to ensure ongoing compliance and embed accessibility into development lifecycles.
6. Provide Accessibility Statements: Publish accessibility statements on digital properties, outlining the site or app’s level of compliance, known issues, and contact information for accessibility support. Compliance Timelines: Key Dates and Enforcement

The EAA was adopted in June 2019, with EU member states required to transpose its provisions into national law by 28 June 2022. The primary compliance deadline for businesses is 28 June 2025. From this date, all covered products and services placed on the EU market must meet EAA accessibility requirements.

There are specific grace periods and exceptions:

• Products and services already on the market before 28 June 2025 may benefit from transitional arrangements, but significant updates or redesigns will trigger compliance obligations.
• Microenterprises may be exempt, but should review local laws to confirm their status.
• National enforcement mechanisms will vary, but non-compliance could result in fines, reputational damage, and exclusion from public procurement.

Impact on New vs Existing Sites and Platforms

New digital properties (launched after 28 June 2025) must be designed and developed to meet EAA accessibility requirements from the outset. This presents an opportunity to embed accessibility into project planning, design, and development processes, reducing retrofitting costs and ensuring a seamless user experience for all.

Existing sites and apps will need to be assessed and, where necessary, updated to achieve compliance. Retrofitting legacy systems can pose challenges (such as outdated technologies, limited documentation, or resource constraints) but phased remediation, prioritisation of high-traffic or high-risk areas, and leveraging modern accessibility tools can help overcome these hurdles. Businesses should also plan for ongoing updates, as digital properties evolve and new features are added.

The Ethical Argument: Why Accessibility Matters Beyond Compliance

While the EAA establishes legal requirements, the case for digital accessibility goes far beyond compliance. Making digital properties accessible is fundamentally about respecting human rights, promoting social inclusion, and enabling equal participation for all members of society. Accessible digital experiences empower people with disabilities to access information, services, and opportunities that many take for granted.

From an ethical standpoint, prioritising accessibility demonstrates a commitment to diversity and corporate social responsibility. It fosters brand loyalty, enhances reputation, and opens digital products to a wider audience, including the elderly and people with temporary impairments. In a world where digital divides persist, building accessible platforms is not just a legal duty but a moral one.

Actionable Recommendations and Further Resources

The European Accessibility Act is reshaping the digital landscape, compelling businesses to ensure their websites, portals, and mobile apps are accessible to all. To prepare for compliance:

• Conduct accessibility audits of all digital properties
• Develop and implement a remediation plan
• Document compliance efforts and maintain accessibility statements
• Invest in staff training and ongoing monitoring
• Engage with users with disabilities for feedback and continuous improvement

Embracing accessibility is not only a regulatory requirement but a powerful way to demonstrate ethical leadership and drive business value. For further guidance, consult the European Commission’s EAA resources and the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). https://www.w3.org/